Let's pause for a moment to consider that there's a big difference between "proven science" and "manufacturing decisions".
In the science of metallurgy, there are things that work and things that don't. Atoms of iron, carbon, chromium, nickel, etc will behave in certain ways under certain conditions with different results. Heating to a specific temperature, holding for a certain length of time, cooling at a certain rate, reheating to a certain temperature, lowering to a certain (very, very cold) temperature at a certain rate -- all of these things will have specific and predictable effects, depending on the order in which they are done and the state of the steel before each procedure (for example, tempering before hardening is a waste of time, and annealing after tempering will ruin your previous heat treatment). It doesn't matter whether or not you think they will have such effects: they will.
Now, manufacturing decisions are where judgment starts coming into the picture. Any piece we make is going to have an ideal set of properties, some of which are critical and some of which are not. The decision of which properties are critical and which aren't is central to the choice of steel, whether to forge or do stock removal (or a combination), how to heat treat, and so on. Budgetary considerations come into play: Can I afford this kind of steel or this piece of equipment? Logistical concerns also become relevant: Can I accomplish procedure X with the equipment I have on hand? Do I have the skill and experience necessary to properly heat-treat [notoriously finicky steel X], or will a properly executed blade in [more forgiving steel Y] have properties I consider acceptable?
It's also worth noting that many of these manufacturing decisions involve a cost/benefit analysis. For example, a certain steel may be perfectly acceptable with a standard heat-treatment, but benefits in certain ways from an additional cryogenic treatment. Is the additional benefit worth the additional manufacturing cost in time and material? Can that additional cost be recouped through a higher price to the customer?
The point is not whether or not fancy heat treatments or temperature-controlled ovens work. They do. The question is not whether or not you can produce a durable and completely acceptable knife with a more low-tech approach. You can. The question is What you want to accomplish, how you choose to accomplish it, and (assuming you're selling your work) is there someone willing to pay a price that adequately reflects everything (by which I also mean your aesthetic sense and knifemaking skills) that went into it?