You can find a more recent version of the book I mentioned in a previous post "How to run a lathe" on ebay. The version I have is the 55th edition from the 1950's. The book explains the speeds depending on your belt and back gear settings.
What I found for the weight was, 13" 6 Ft Bed 1560 lbs crated weight for Engine Lathes, add 155 lbs for Toolroom Lathes.
Join this yahoo group southbendlathe : All about South Bend Lathes: All Models.
The Southbend book "How to run a lathe" is very helpfull. How to Run a Lathe - 3rd ed
To get bright colors the steel needs to be sanded, scraped, or brushed down to bare bright metal before heating. Traces of oil from handling before heating can cause uneven coloring. WD40 or other oil finish will make it look brighter. I used WD40 because it was handy and easy to just spray on.
I got this blue by sanding, washing with degreaser, and heating to about
575 F in my heat treat kiln. I took it out and sprayed with wd40 while still hot.
If the peened head is to be against wood, use a snug fitting washer between the head and the wood . This gives a larger shoulder without having to peen a large head.
I have used 2 12 volt chargers in series with my electrolysis tub to speed things up, so your 24v charger should work fine. Just watch the ammeter so you don't overload it.
I think you can reweld it. Heat till red, bend the loose segment out a little to open up the weld area ,heat till orange , quickly wire brush the scale out of the weld area, bend back closed and sprinkle with flux, bring to welding heat and weld.
It looks great. To improve the ratio, could you go a little smaller on the blower pulley ? Also maybe a lighter weight belt that would flex more easily around the smaller pulley.
If you are going to completely restore/rebuild it I suggest reading up on electrolysis. http://www.iforgeiron.com/forum/f21/de-rusting-technique-3425/
I've used this technique to restore several old machines and tools.