I,m very shore that you have a cross contamination problem. And what that means is ;- When mild steel scarches, rubs against stainless it will comaminate it. Also using a steel wire brush or one that has been used on steel, using a grinding wheels, cutting wheels, linisher, polisher/buff that perviously been used on mild steel will contaminate the stainless, using (mild steel) contaminated abrasives impregnates the stainless with mild steel particles. And then starts the rusting. How does that happen? most poeple say, "its stainless it can,t rust" sombody has used a contaminated abrasive on it, or it,s just come in contact with steel.
In a industry fabrication workshop, it is always to best to speperate the mild steel workshop and the stainless workshop or take special percautions. That is because of cross contamintion. What the industry practise is to have dedicated abrasives and sometimes dedicated work areas. If your working on a big dollar stainless job, you don,t just pick up a grinder and use it on the stainless, you must know that the grinding wheel is a dedicated stainless wheel or containation may happen.
I don,t like your chances of reversing your problem, Maybe passivate and clean with a new scotchbrite pad, or a few new flap disks or a few new linishing belts. Don,t use a wire brush on it unless it is a "stainless wire brush". And then add a nice lite oil, there have been many good sugestions, I like WD40.
Good luck with it.