habu68
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another wiki about thermite: Thermite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
note the caution about the possibility of a thermite reaction in grinding operations where aluminum and steel are done on the same machine. -
Before I get slammed by others with more knowledge than myself on the subject of thermite, let me state, that I did not say that thermite could not be used to weld an anvil. I believe that it would be difficult to do and that you might destroy several in the learning process. Second Thermite in the destruction of the WTC/911 is a hotly debated subject, and one that I personally find hard to believe. I do know that thermite can be used as bloom/foundry for metal casting and that copper oxides can replace iron oxides in the reaction for copper casting. I would also wonder about the cost/benefit of using thermite in the process. Also understand that under our post 911 legal system the mere ownership of thermite maybe hazardous to your personal freedom. Your mileage may very.....
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some thoughts on thermite:
1 the process is not controllable, once started it can not be stopped until the mixture is consumed. the heat generated is so intense that it will separate the hydrogen and oxygen in water causing an explosion. In Jr High school I had a teacher who was trying to use thermite as a heat source to roast gold from some ore that he had collected. He was surprised by the size of the reaction and tried to stop it by poring water over it. The resulting explosion knocked him out the open door of his garage. and flash burned his exposed skin.
2 In railroad usage the thermite weld would be more correctly called a casting. The thermite a mixture aluminum and iron rust, is used to raise the temperature of the iron to a point that it melts through the bottom of a fire cement crucible, into a mold that forms around the track. The molten iron is hot enough to melt and liquefy several inches of the parent track forming the weld. Here is a pdf file of rail welding: http://www.ameco.net/pdf/Thermite_Welding.pdf
3. I have seen a military demonstration of the use of a thermite grenade used to declassify a metal and concrete fire proof safe. A thermite canister weighing about 1/2 lb was placed on the top of a 5' safe filled with news papers. The reaction was over in less than one minute and it took about 10 min for the smoke to clear. A hole about 6 inches in diameter was burned in the top of the safe and became larger as it passed through each shelf. It burned through the "Fire Proof" bottom of the safe and through a 4 inch concrete slab into the dirt below. The news papers were reduced to unreadable ash.
4 The reaction is very fast. I have read of very large thermite reactions (in the tens of tons) and that the initial reaction was done in the mater of a few minutes. The gases emitted from the burn are aluminum oxide vapor and the reaction is violent in nature, with sparks flying every where. Fire is a danger.
5. the Iron produced is low carbon Iron any carbon in the steel will be burned and the heat from any weld will affect the carbon content of the base metal unless a molding method is used
6. Be safe thermite will not burn skin it will VAPORIZE IT! It will not stop burning until IT is done. Aluminum/iron oxide was used to seal the skin of the Hindenburg and is suspected in the fire that brought down the World Trade Center. (Burning fuel oxidized steel beams combined with the molten aluminum of the aircraft starting the thermite reaction...) Thermite was used in the fire bombing of Dresden Germany, and Tokyo Japan in World War II. leveling those cites in the fire storms. -
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Mike, ROTFLMAO, that brings back memories of my brother who came to the milk barn to show off his white tux just before he left to pick up his girl for the prom... it was not pretty.....,
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Almost everything I know......
And never leave a 32 oz framing axe on the top of a 10' step ladder. -
I have a oxy unit that followed me home from the dump. it is the type used for home health care. It will produce 5 cu/L/min at about 5 lbs pressure. I have used it to supply a small oxy/map syystem (hand held). worked well. take care with the tubing that is used for health care around fire. It will burn like the fuse in a Pirate movie. It is hard to out run it to the machine. Don't ask me how I Know. ;-)
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From the day when the Blacksmith was a respected and central businessman in a community, he was often called on as a witness to a trade or business deal.
Hence "to strike a deal" or "forge a bargain " the auctioneer's hammer is a symbol of this tradition.
To forge a bond, and the response to picking up steel at a black heat....
It never took me to long to look at a horse shoe...
and last to urge on a timid striker," HIT IT, It's not your mama...." -
under a ring clinched to the door post about 6' above the ground
TOTI
EMUL
ESTO
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I have reviewed about 200 early pictures of Smithies and found most had some form of "NO CREDIT"
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My Rail road forge uses a pump handle arrangement that has a belt drive and fly wheel. I found that a rein from a horse bridle worked well. I stitched the belt with staples cut from paper clips. It has worked well for 5 years.
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For larger stock, I have been told that it is better to drive two of the wheels with chain or gearing.. don't know but so I've been told:rolleyes:
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My son-in-laws gingery lathe built from tin cans, pistons, and a 12' extension ladder. Really.... Home-built Gingery Lathe the lathe is finished but the web site is not. click on the pic's for the details. The head and tail stock as well as all the pulleys wheels and knobs we sand cast in a home built foundry, with a home built blown forge burner. Milling was done on my brother's bridgeport all turned parts were made in the lathe as it was assembled. It was quite the project and works well for our needs. A small Mill is the next project.
Our real hobby: Mad Splatter
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Turning the head toward a white or metal wall can cause an uncomfortable case of "snow" blindness. Been there done that. not fun.
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weld a piece of square tubing to the center hole and insert the next smaller square tube into that. weld a nut to a hole in the side of the larger tube to place a set screw to adjust the hight, then weld a horse shoe , heal up, to the top edge of the smaller tube. They make a nice third hand at the anvil. Light weight and stable.
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it would look like that if laid on it's side. -
Never use a torch to cut a closed container, like a oil drum or tank. Unburned fuel/oxygen will accumulate in the closed space an it will become a bomb.
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This outfit has unplated nuts, bolts, screws, and rivets for antique restoration and blacksmith use:
Welcome to BlacksmithBolt.com
Quote from their add:
"BlacksmithBolt.com is the supplier of choice for specialty fasteners in the Blacksmithing and Metalworking community.
In the image above, you will find the cornerstones of our inventory: Square Head Lag Bolts, Square Head Machine Bolts, with square nuts, of course, Slotted Head Wood Screws, and Solid Iron Rivets.
We also have a few Iron Tire Bolts, Plow Bolts, Step Bolts and Carriage Bolts in stock. For these and the machine bolts, in addition to the square nuts, we also have flat washers and split lockwashers.
Nothing ruins the appearance of a nice piece of metalwork faster than a hex-head bolt or a phillips head screw. Accordingly, you will not find any of either one of those items here.
Recognizing that the majority of blacksmiths and other metalworkers may wish to make their fasteners more than simply functional, we have chosen not to carry zinc-plated or hot-dip-galvanized fasteners. The material finish will be either plain, plain & oiled, or black oxide, in almost all instances. No one really wants to have to burn the zinc off their fasteners before re-working them. -
Here are some examples of treadle or oliver hammers used in the Nail making trades.
Black Country Nail Making Trade -
Be careful what you ask for..... your wife may not be happy:D
access was granted for 4 spike knives -
I have seen some other pictures of the hammer at Old Sturbridge and if I remember right it was foot operated, board to the left of the picture is the return "spring" and the support under the hammer relieves the pressure on the spring when it is not in use. Most trip hammers were much more massive.
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I had never seen a round one that was quite that elaborate. Dan, could you post some kind of schematic of the valve arrangement?
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Thermite welding
in Welding/Fab General Discussion
Posted
Lessons Learned Issued in 2001
Fireball from Aluminum Grinding Dust
Date: September 21, 2001
Identifier: 2001-RL-HNF-0036
Lessons Learned Statement:
Aluminum grinding dust can create a serious explosive fire hazard when it is mixed with steel or iron grinding dust.
Discussion of Activities:
A safety coordinator at the Esso Oil Company plant in Longford, Australia, was using a belt grinder in his home workshop to smooth the edge of a hacksaw cut on a 2" length of 1.5" angle iron. He had been grinding for about 1.5 to 2 minutes when there was a loud "THUMP" accompanied by an approximately 2-foot diameter brilliant yellow orange fireball. The fireball lasted no more than 1 second and then completely extinguished itself. It completely enveloped the machine, his hands to half way up his forearms, and the front of his torso.
Injuries included deep second-degree burns to about 60% of the victim's left hand and 50% of his right hand and first degree burns to his neck, chin, cheeks, lips, and the end of his nose. The right cuff of his shirt was smoldering, his face felt a burning sensation, and he could hear the front of his hair sizzling. Nothing on the bench was burning. A few streaks of white powder were deposited on the bench top and on a few items lying on the bench. The workshop was filled with dense white smoke with very little odor. His fingers and the ends of his thumbs escaped relatively unscathed as they were protected from the heat flash. He was wearing glasses, which protected his eyes. He also lost half his moustache, one of his eyebrows, and about 1 inch off the front of his hair. His eyelashes were curled by the heat but not singed. The burns to his face were caused solely by radiant heat, as the fireball did not come that high.
Analysis:
A few days before the event, the man's son had ground the heads off about twelve aluminum pop rivets. Finely divided aluminum mixed with finely divided ferrous oxide (the black powder residue from grinding steel) produced a compound called thermite. Thermite is used to fill incendiary bombs and is used commercially to weld large steel items. It burns at approximately 3500C (6300F), hence the extensive burns from such a short exposure time.
Recommended actions:
The victim recommended that the manufacturer of the grinding wheel should include a very strong warning about the dangers posed by grinding steel after having ground aluminum. That warning should include precautions to thoroughly clean the grinding machine of all aluminum dust before grinding iron or steel.
Estimated Savings/Cost Avoidance: N/A
Priority Descriptor: YELLOW/Caution
Work / Function: Machining and Fabrication
Hanford-Defined Category: N/A
Hazard(s): Fire / Smoke
ISM Core Function(s): Analyze Hazards; Develop/Implement Controls
Originator: Bruce Robinson, Longford Plant Safety Coordinator; Longford Ext. 6348; Fax (03)5149 6496.
Introduced into the DOE LL system by Fluor Hanford, Inc.
Contact: Project Hanford Lessons Learned Coordinator; (509) 373-7664; FAX 376-6112; e-mail: PHMC_Lessons_Learned@rl.gov
Authorized Derivative Classifier: Not required
Reviewing Official: John Bickford
Keywords: grinder, thermite, aluminum dust
References: Bechtel Australia Alert 01, Grinder work with Aluminium